Estabilidad de color de dientes naturales ante diferentes bebidas: estudio in vitro / Color stability of natural teeth against different drinks: in vitro study

El color es un efecto visual de los rayos de luz reflejándose y su concepto es complejo por ser una sensación que se percibe y por las características electromagnéticas. Los dientes varían espacialmente porque son curvados, tienen prolongaciones relativamente pequeñas y vistas en contra de una variable de fondo no uniforme así como típicamente una iluminación no estandarizada, por lo cual difieren en relación con su colorimetría, por lo que el estudio del color es fundamental en la odontología. En la actualidad hay métodos para evaluar el color, desde una simple revisión visual hasta instrumentos como el colorímetro y los espectrofotómetros, los cuales son aparatos utilizados en la medida del color de un objeto a través de su longitud de onda reflejada. Una pigmentación dental se produce por varios factores, ya sean intrínsecos y extrínsecos, estas pigmentaciones son factores importantes tanto en la estética como en el aspecto físico, por lo que es importante poder evaluar la estabilidad de los dientes naturales ante diferentes sustancias que podrían modificar su color natural. En este estudio nos dimos a la tarea de evaluar el cambio de color de dientes naturales ante diferentes bebidas, se eligieron tres bebidas pigmentantes y de uso común: café, vino tinto y jugo de arándano; se utilizaron 10 dientes unirradiculares del mismo color previamente analizados con el espectrofotómetro. Un diente fue la muestra control y los nueve restantes se sumergieron en frascos separados con 10 mL de las tres bebidas elegidas. Realizando la evaluación de color a los 15, 30 y 90 días con ayuda del espectrofotómetro, pudimos observar que el diente sumergido en café no tuvo variación durante los primeros 15 días y el cambio más notable de color fue hasta los 90 días a diferencia de las muestras sumergidas en vino y jugo de arándano cuya variación máxima de color se presentó en 15 días respectivamente (AU)

Color is a visual effect of light rays reflecting and its concept is complex, for being a sensation that is perceived and for the electromagnetic characteristics. Teeth vary spatially because they are curved, have relatively small extensions, and are viewed against a non-uniform background variable as well as typically non-standardized illumination, which is why they differ in relation to their colorimetry. So the study of color is fundamental in dentistry. Currently, there are methods to evaluate color, from a simple visual check to instruments such as the colorimeter and spectrophotometers, which are devices used to measure the color of an object through its reflected wavelength. A dental pigmentation is produced by various factors, both intrinsic and extrinsic, these pigmentations are currently important factors in both aesthetics and physical appearance, so it is important to be able to evaluate the stability of natural teeth against different substances that could modify its natural color. In this study, we undertook the task of evaluating the change in the color of natural teeth when faced with different beverages. Three pigment and commonly used beverages were chosen: coffee, red wine and cranberry juice; 10 single-rooted teeth of the same color previously analyzed with the spectrophotometer were used. One tooth was the control sample and the remaining nine were immersed in separate bottles with 10 mL of the three chosen drinks. Carrying out the color evaluation at 15, 30 and 90 days with the help of the spectrophotometer, we could see that the tooth immersed in coffee did not change during the first 15 days and the most notable change in color was up to 90 days, unlike the samples immersed in wine and cranberry juice whose maximum color variation was presented in 15 days respectively (AU)

Haemagogus spegazzinii Brèthes, 1912 (Diptera: Culicidae) in Brazilian semiarid: resistance in eggs and scale color variation in adults

ABSTRACT Although aedine eggs are resistant to desiccation, little is known about this trait in Haemagogus species. In this study, we assessed the desiccation resistance of Hg. spegazzinii eggs. The eggs were collected using ovitraps over a period of one week in March 2020. The positive pallets were stored until experimentation and immersed in a solution of water and yeast for larval hatching and subsequent species identification. The emerged adults were morphologically identified as Hg. spegazzinii. Because of color variations, adults were classified into three groups. The desiccation resistance of the eggs collected was measured for 380 days. Desiccation resistance is likely the result of selection mechanisms responsible for maintaining populations of the species in the seasonally dry tropical forest (Caatinga) in the Brazilian semiarid region. Variations in scale coloration can represent either individual variations or new species.

Influência do Uso da irrigação Durante o Acabamento e Polimento de Resinas Compostas: Rugosidade Superficial, Estabilidade de Cor e Morfologia de Superfície / Influence of Wet Finishing and Polishing on Composite Resins: Surface Roughness, Color Stability and Surface Morphology

Objetivo: Avaliar rugosidade superficial (RS), estabilidade de cor (EC) e morfologia de superfície (MS) de um compósito nanoparticulado após diferentes protocolos de acabamento/ polimento com ou sem irrigação. Material e métodos: Cem espécimes foram confeccionados e divididos em 10 grupos (n=10) conforme protocolo de acabamento/polimento: Tira de poliéster; discos abrasivos (DA); DA+espirais (DAE); DA+multi- -laminada+espirais (DAME); espirais (E); e nenhum polimento. Protocolos com DA, DAE, DAME, e E foram realizados a seco e com irrigação. Após acabamento/polimento, os espécimes foram armazenados em água destilada à 37°C. Durante 14 dias, cinco espécimes de cada grupo foram imersos em café por 5min/dia. A EC foi analisada com Espectrofotômetro (CIEL*a*b*) 0, 7 e 14 dias após armazenamento em água ou imersão em café. A RS foi analisada com Rugosímetro (parâmetro Ra) e MS foi analisada com Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV). ANOVA, Tukey e Teste T foram realizados para comparações entre os grupos (α=0,05). Resultados: A irrigação promoveu maior EC nos protocolos DAE e E. Os diferentes protocolos promoveram variação de cor semelhante após 14 dias de armazenamento em água. O protocolo E a seco promoveu os maiores valores RS, sendo inferior ao grupo DAME, que promoveu menor rugosidade e foi semelhante aos demais protocolos. Para DAME e E a irrigação foi significativa para diminuir a rugosidade. Na análise por MEV, E com irrigação apresentaram maior lisura superficial. Conclusão: A irrigação durante acabamento/polimento influencia na EC, RS e MS de compósitos. Os protocolos de acabamento/ polimento DAME e E com irrigação foram mais efetivos.

Aim: to evaluate the surface roughness (SR), color stability (CE) and surface morphology (SM) of a nanofilled composite resin exposed to different finishing/ polishing protocols with or without irrigation. Material and methods: One hundred specimens were prepared and divided into 10 groups (n = 10) according to the finishing/polishing protocol: positive control; abrasive discs (AD); AD + spirals (ADS); AD + multi-laminated + spirals (ADMS); spirals (S); and none. Protocols with AD; ADS; ADMS and S were performed to dry or with irrigation. After finishing/ polishing, the samples were stored in distilled water at 37 ° C. For 14 days, five samples of each group were immersed in coffee for 5min/day. The other samples have been stored in water. The CE of the samples was analyzed with Spectrophotometer (CIEL * a * b *) 0, 7 and 14 days after storage in water or coffee. The SR was analyzed with the Rugosimeter and the SM was analyzed with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). ANOVA, Tukey and T-test were performed for comparisons between the groups (α=0,05). Results: Irrigation offered higher EC in the ADS and S groups. The benefits of color variation are after 14 days. The use of dry spirals promoted the highest SR values, being lower in the ADMS group, which promoted less roughness and was similar to the other protocols. For ADMS and S the irrigation was significant to decrease the roughness. Analysis by MEV, spirals with irrigation greater superficial smoothness. Conclusion: Irrigation during finishing/polishing influences the CS, SR and SM of composites. The finishing/polishing protocols with ADMS and S with irrigation were more effective.

Ecologia e variação espacial de Naupactus lar Germar (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae) no Parque Nacional da Restinga de Jurubatiba, RJ / Ecology and spatial variation of Naupactus lar Germar (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae) at the National Park of Restinga de Jurubatiba, State of Rio de Janeiro

O presente trabalho teve como objetivos descrever o padrão de variação espacial na coloração de N. lar no Parque Nacional da Restinga de Jurubatiba e estudar aspectos da sua ecologia e de seu comportamento. O trabalho foi realizado de fevereiro de 2003 a maio de 2004, em excursões bimestrais a quatro diferentes áreas do parque, vistoriando um total de 120 plantas de Byrsonima sericea, um de seus principais hospedeiros. Foram encontrados quatro tipos de coloração (amarelo, rosa, laranja e branco), sendo que nem todas as formas ocorreram juntas no mesmo local. Quase todos os machos adultos observados em campo apresentaram coloração amarela, com exceção de um indivíduo alaranjado. Já as fêmeas apresentaram todos os padrões de cores citados. Cruzamentos realizados em laboratório demonstraram que indivíduos de diferentes colorações e/ou diferentes áreas copulam normalmente entre si, indicando não haver barreira mecânica ou comportamental que impeça a cópula entre as diferentes formas. Adultos de N. lar ocorreram o ano todo, apresentando as maiores abundâncias entre outubro e fevereiro, e as mais baixas, entre abril e agosto. Tanto a porcentagem de ocupação das plantas, quanto a densidade de indivíduos de N. lar nas plantas acompanharam o padrão de sua flutuação populacional. Assim, parece que N. lar apresenta uma estação reprodutiva por ano, entre os meses de outubro e fevereiro, época coincidente com a estação chuvosa e emissão de ramos novos pela planta de alimentação.

The present work aimed to describe the pattern of spatial variation of N. lar at the National Park of Restinga de Jurubatiba and to study aspects of the species ecology and behavior. Bimonthly surveys were conducted on 120 Byrsonima sericea plants, one of its main hosts, from February 2003 to May 2004, in four different areas of the park. Four color morphs were found (yellow, pink, orange and white), but not all occurred together in the same area. Almost all adult males observed in field were yellow, except for one orange individual. Females, however, showed all cited color morphs. Tests in laboratory showed that individuals of different colors and/or from different sites mated normally among themselves, indicating that there is no mechanical or behavioral barrier preventing copulation among them. Adults of N. lar occurred throughout the year, showing an abundance peak between October and February, and lower numbers between April and August. Both percentage of plant occupation and density of individuals on plants followed the pattern of the populational fluctuation. In this way, it seems that N. lar presents one reproductive season per year, between October and February, period of rainy season and production of new leaves of the food plants.

Variações na coloração de iraras (Eira barbara Linnaeus, 1758 - Carnivora, Mustelidae) da Reserva Biológica Estadual do Sassafrás, Santa Catarina, sul do Brasil / Variation in coat color of tayras (Eira barbara Linnaeus, 1758 - Carnivora, Mustelidae) in the State Biological Reserve of Sassafrás, Santa Catarina, South Brazil

Iraras apresentam variações de coloração por toda sua área de distribuição, sendo o objetivo deste estudo contribuir para o conhecimento destas variações. Na Reserva Biológica Estadual do Sassafrás, Santa Catarina, Brasil, foram obtidos 21 registros fotográficos de iraras, abrangendo diferentes colorações de pelagem. Duas classes de coloração foram observadas entre os indivíduos fotografados: corpo escuro com cabeça e pescoço cinzas e corpo, cabeça e pescoço branco-amarelados. A freqüência dos registros não variou significativamente entre as duas classes de coloração, indicando que a coloração de pelagem branco-amarelada é comum para esta população local.

Tayras present color variations along their range of distribution. The objective of this study is to contribute to the understanding of these variations. In the State Biological Reserve of Sassafrás, Santa Catarina, Brazil, 21 photographic records of tayras were obtained, comprising different coat colors. Two coat color classes were observed among photographed individuals: dark body with gray head and neck, and body, head and neck homogeneously white-yellowish. The frequency of records did not varied significantly between the two color classes, indicating that the white-yellowish coloration is common for this local population.